Cause and Effect

 hi everyone on this occasion I will explain the material about " cause and effect " 

A | DEFINITION

Cause and effect text is a type of paragraph that contains the author's analysis of cause and effect. This paragraph begins with the causes which are outlined at the beginning of the sentence and is then drawn to a general conclusion which is the result of the described causes.

This cause and effect paragraph model is often used in writing essays and text explanations. This is because this model is considered to have a clear and structured flow of ideas, so that readers can easily understand it when reading it.

B | STRUCTURE

The cause and effect paragraph has the following structure:

a | Have a main idea on the topic of sentences that will be covered in the whole paragraph.

b | Have supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes.

c | End with a concluding sentence or a conclusion in the form of a result.

BECAUSE OF

Because of / due to is a preposition of a word or two-word conjunction, used before a noun or pronoun. Because of means by reason of, which is then followed by an object in the form of a noun or phrase, pronoun, or verb-ing.

Formula

because of / due to + noun (phrase) / pronoun / verb-ing

a| Because of/Due to + noun phrase

We were bored because of the speech. 

John was worried because of the rain. 

b| Because of/Due to + pronoun

It’s all because of me, he lost everything.

We should reflect on what we did all this time. I think he dropped out because of us.

c| Because of/Due to + verb-ing

Because of feeling happy, Edward sings loudly. 

Because of feeling sick, Tiara didn’t come to school today.

BECAUSE

Because is the subordinate conjunction or is a conjunction, which is used at the beginning of a clause or clause, before the subject and the verb. For the rules of using because + clause it must be followed or completed with the main clause because the word (because + clause) cannot stand alone.

Formula

Because / Due to the fact that + Subject + Verb / clause + main clause | main clause + because + clause / subject + verb

We were bored because the speech is too long. 

Because the film is not so good, I'm not happy  

Sinta makes a cake because her mother wants it. 

To find a cause, ask, why did this happen? *To find an effect, ask, what happen?    Example:    It rained, so I get wet.
Signal words   When we talk about cause, we use the following signal words:	Signal words   When we talk about effect resulting from a certain cause, we use the following signal words:
Because	As a result
The reason for	Then
On account of	Hence
Bring about	For this reason
Give rise to	Therefore
Created by	Outcome
Contributed to	So
Led to	Consequently
Due to	Finally
For this reason	In order to
Unless

Sentence	Cause and Effect Relationship
Sumatran tigers are almost extinct because people killed too many of them.	Cause: People killed too many of them Effect: Sumatran tigers are almost extinct
Haze is caused by massive forest burning.	Cause: Massive forest burning Effect: Haze
Since they are in love, they forgive each other mistakes	Cause: They are in love Effect: They forgive each other mistakes
Early man learnt to grow food, and as a result, their lives became easier.	Cause: Early man learnt to grow food Effect: Their lives became easier

 

    Let’s talk a look at the sentence structure of cause and effect.

    Due to, because of, owing to, and thanks so are followed   by a noun

Due to	Noun
Because of
Owing to
Thanks so

    Because, since, as, for are followed by a verb.

Due to	Subject + verb
Because of
Owing to
Thanks so

Dialog 

Najwa : "Hello Ratna"

Ratna  : "Hai Najwa".

Najwa  : "How are you?".

Ratna    : "I'm very well,and you?".

Najwa  : "I'm fine,what are you doing?".

Ratna    : "I'm worried about my friend".

Najwa : "What happen with your friend?".

 Ratna  : "My friend was grounded,because he cheated on a test".

Najwa : "Oh,he he deserves to be punished".

tanya :  : "yes that's right.Najwa what happend with your sister yesterday?".

Najwa  : "It's nothing,my sister was scared of the mouse,so she yelled for help".

Ratna    : "Really?, i think your sister was hurt".

Najwa  : "No.Ratna the break time finished i must go back to class".

Ratna : "Ok Najwa,bye!".

Najwa : "Bye Ratna ,see you tomorrow!".

Ratna  : "see you!".

Excercise Page 79 - 81

A. 

Early man used weapons because they needed to find food. Cause

The glaciers began to melt; therefore, the land bridge between Asia and North America became flooded. Effect

Because they wanted to learn about different civilizations that existed, archaeologists studied artifacts. Cause

Early man slowly started to grow food, and as a result, their lives became easier. Cause

My sister was very tired because she stayed up pas midnight. Effect

B. 

1. Cause : It was very windy

    Effect : All the flights were cancelled

    Sentence : It was very windy; therefore, all flights were canceled

2. Cause : She ate too much 

    Effect : She has stomachache

    Sentence : She has a stomachache because she ate too much

3. Cause : I ran out of money

    Effect : I can't go shopping

    Sentence : I can't go shopping because I ran out of money

4. Cause : He is afraid to fly

    Effect : He is not on plane

    Sentence : He is afraid to fly; therefore, he is not on plane

5. Cause : After the car accident

    Effect : He was hospitalized

    Sentence : After the car accident, he was hospitalized

C. 

1. The milk spilled all over the floor, so Jane got a mop and cleaned it up.

    Cause : Milk spilled

    Effect : Jane mopped

2. Siti has planned a trip to her uncle's house because she loves her cousins. 

    Cause : She loved

    Effect : Siti has planned a trip

3. The green house gases trap the heat in the air, so the Earth becomes warmer. 

    Cause : The green house gases

    Effect : The earth becomes warmer

4. Because the sumatran tigers were almost extinct, the Indonesian goverment declared them as endangered species. 

    Cause : The sumatran tigers were almost extinct

    Effect : The Indonesian goverment declared them as endangered species

5. Animals are becoming extinct because humans are moving into their habitats. 

    Cause : Humans are moving into their habitats

    Effect : Animals are becoming extinct